Lucy v. Zehmer Case Brief Essay

I. Statement of the Facts Zehmer owned a Farm that Lucy had made several offers to purchase, all of which Zehmer rejected. Lucy met Zehmer in the latter’s restaurant one evening. After drinking, they had a substantial discussion about the sale of the farm. Lucy made an offer of $50,000. Zehmer drafted up Lucy a contract specifying the land, the amount, title satisfactory to buyer. Lucy took the written agreement and offered $50,000 to Zehmer who refused to abide to the written agreement. Lucy filed a lawsuit against Zehmer to compel him to transfer the title of the farm to him for $50,000. Zehmer supported that the writing was prepared as a bluff, the whole matter was a joke, no binding contract was made, and at the time he made the offer he was â€Å"was as high as Georgia pine†. The trial court ruled in favor of Zehmer. Lucy appealed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia. II. Issue Does the offer made by Zehmer – supposedly as a joke – constitute a valid contract? III. Rule of Law â€Å"The first requirement for effective offer is a serious intent. Not determined by subjective intentions, beliefs and assumptions of the offeror. Rather it is determined by what a reasonable person in the offeree’s position would conclude that the offreror’s words and actions meant.† Offers made in jest, obvious anger, or undue excitement do not count and the acceptance of them does not create an agreement. IV. Analysis In his defense, Zehmer claimed that the offer to sell his farm to Lucy was made as a joke and at the time he made it they were both drinking and he was not in a state of sobriety. The court judged Zehmer’s argument about his mental state inconsistent due to the fact he was able to provide great detail what was said and done that night in his testimony. The court found that the contract was discussed for forty minutes, rewritten to include Mrs. Zehnmer, and she did sign it. The discussion of what to be included in the sale and the provisions of it made a serious transaction. The delivery of the written contract shows a good faith offer and a good faith acceptance.

Understanding Satire Worksheet Essay

Part A: Twain and McCullough Provide supporting evidence from the texts to support your responses to these questions. All answers should be in the form of complete sentences. 1. What is the issue Twain is satirizing? That children blindly follow tradition and don’t think for themselves. 2. What techniques does Twain use to create his satire? sarcasm, so that he can assume the role of an elder in society 3. What is the issue McCullough is satirizing? The fact that all children are pampered and are not truly special in any way. 4. What techniques does McCullough use to create his satire? He uses wit to explain what makes something special. 5. How effectively do the techniques used communicate Twain’s position? It effectively allows Twain to create a different persona makes his statement more agreeable 6. How effectively do the techniques used communicate McCullough’s position? They work well because it allows him to explain that if everyone is special then nobody is. 7. How are the messages communicated by Twain and McCullough similar? They are both trying to make a point to the same type of audience and because of this they take a similar approach by explaining how and what they have been taught. 8. Which message could you relate to more? Explain why in a minimum of three sentences. I think I could relate to McCullough’s argument because I feel like I have always shared his point of view and got annoyed when my parents would treat my siblings like they were one of a kind and so special when it that was far from the truth. Look more:  satire mark twain essay Part B: Search for Satire Use the guided analysis exercises within the lesson as a model for this part of the assignment. 1. Locate an example of satire. Copy and paste it here, making sure to note the source where you found it in a proper citation. Writethinker, Feb 25, 2013. 2. What is human institution or human weakness is being satirized in this piece? The way our society values athletes who work for entertainment versus people who have more important jobs. 3. Identify and explain the types of humor devices used to create the satire. It is reversing the roles of a low paying government worker and an extremely overpaid athlete. This is a form  of irony 4. How effectively do the techniques used communicate the creator’s position? They communicate the point well because it uses syntax in a way that makes being an athlete sound like a very overrated practice. 5. Evaluate the overall effectiveness of the satire. Explain your reasoning in a minimum of three sentences. The satire is very effective. This form of satire uses irony to reverse the roles of two professions. The reason this is effective is because it makes the viewer think about what the two roles actually do and whether or not they deserve the pay they get.

Charles Dickens Essays - Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers

Charles Dickens INTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFE Charles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was free he lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London.1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However, most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4 MIDDLE LIFE Dickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820's. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speach realistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens' first book, Sketches by Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherine's sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens' suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens and Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFE His later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could, cause

Are Genetic Explanations of ADHD faulty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Are Genetic Explanations of ADHD faulty - Essay Example tatistical Manual of Mental Disorders -IV-TR defines ADHD as a developmental disorder that occurs in childhood, invariably prior to the age of seven, and is characterized by â€Å"developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactive-impulsive behavior†, which causes impairment to one or more than one of major life activities, like family, peer, educational, occupational, social or adpative funtioning. This lack of a single acceptable definition provides indication of the division of the interpretation of the evidence available on ADHD, and is acceptable as knowledge. Children with ADHD display inattentiveness, impulsive behavior, and restlessness. They find it difficult to maintain attention in particular to activities that do not appeal to them or is non-rewarding. This behavior is often combined with the problem of responding to distractions that make it difficult to focus on tasks at hand. Adults with ADHD often have difficulty with time management, procrastination, organization, risk taking, careless behavior, and distractible and impulsive behavior, which leads to poor structuring of their lives, and inability to plan and execute complex daily tasks. (Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). The original manner in which children with ADHD was looked at was to treat them as children with learning difficulties, and that provide them with special education as a means to make them all right. Thus making it essentially an issue of nurture. Present day psychologists tend to question this understanding of ADHD, and have brought a new perspective of ADHD from the nature angle, in the form of a biological or neurochemical problem, as an explanation for ADHD. Support for this comes from psychologists, who believe that the mind and body are more closely intertwined than was earlier believed, and that the body could cause problems of the mind. These beliefs are founded or the findings that Downs syndrome and cancer could have a genetic basis.

Sources of Communication Inputs and Their Influences in Daily Life Essay

Sources of Communication Inputs and Their Influences in Daily Life - Essay Example The only thing in this world that is constant is change. This is a pretty well known saying which existed as long as I can remember. Looking back 50 years and more from today, I can recall how we used to tackle in class about how people have lived centuries ago. Today, the upsurge of developments in technology has an undeniable effect on how organizations function within and with other institutions. For an organization, its success and failure greatly depends on how the organization was structured to work. The drive to improve peoples living pattern is still the same drive or factor which triggers international firms to globalize their operations and with that, today's latest technology makes the company's and consumers life easier It enable companies to reduce cost by using powerful equipment and machineries while consumers can have easier access to the newest products in the market. One of the first innovations of technology was the mainframe system and it was during the 1960's that computers and such started to impart in organizations and firms. The classic ways of hierarchal management systems started to disintegrate during these times. Through technological change, globalizing the operations of an international company could put up a plantation where they can reduce their labor cost. Not denying the fact that different people from different countries have different tastes, international companies could also personalize their products according to the consumers or markets preferences without eliminating their standards and trademark. Before, information control was basically handled by those in managerial positions in a linear manner according to rank. With these systems of technology, information was handled as such that company transparency is relatively existent for those who can get hold of certain information. The onslaught of developments in technology has triggered organizational structure alterations. These changes can be illustrated by considering two key variables: the location of information and the location of decision rights in the organization (Brynjolfsson E. and H. Mendelsson). With the innovative technological systems today, important information can now possibly be available to all employees or workers in an organization at all level. Before, information handling and privilege was limited to the persons that directly handle them. Now, the responsibility of handling information is left to information technologists or technicians. The technicians then put data or information into databases which are accessible to all components of the organization For example, an organization can have a website, regularly maintained and updated by professional information technologists. Here, employees, managers and customers alike, can log on to the website and access whatever information they needed. Furthermore, having websites is also a great advantage since helpful feedbacks are easier to get from both customers and employees. The growing need for technology innovations paves way to strengthening certain industries in a corporate world; like data management services, computer engineers, information technologists, software designers or engineers and so on and so forth. Although there are still organizations or companies that are hesitant to use information techn

Strategies to Reduce Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Research Paper

Strategies to Reduce Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Research Paper Example   Such policies set by developed and developing nations that are members of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have been fundamental in articulating measures to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. The UK, for instance, initiated its 2010 to 2015 policy on greenhouse gas emissions (Committee on Climate Change, 2015). The U.S has policies aimed at reducing the level of emission of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2013). EPA proposed emission standards to be recognized by states (ALEC, 2014; Utech, 2014). President Obama’s action plan on climate change also articulate measures to reduce carbon emission levels (US Climate Action Network, 2014). Besides, similar policies in other IPCC member countries have been instrumental in articulating measures to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Globally, UNEP launched a framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 (UNEP, 2011). The WMO, in coordination with UNEP, initiated the IPCC in 1988 with the mandate to regulate global warming. Under the panel, member countries work on a global policy strategy to reduce climate change and manage its influence following the agreements drafted at Lima, Peru. The draft by the nations stipulates that developing and developed countries would be responsible for fighting against global warming under different circumstances (Nordhaus, 2011). However, policies set by IPCC member countries have not proved as viable strategies to combat climate change.   

International Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Human Rights - Essay Example rnments act in particular ways or to refrain from given acts, for the reason of protecting and promoting human rights and other fundamental freedoms of people (Buergenthal, 67). Non-discrimination principle is a broadly-based one in the international human rights law. The principle stands out to be so much vital in all the key human rights treaties thereby providing the central theme of a number of international human rights conventions for example, elimination of racial discrimination and discrimination against Women. With respect to all human rights and freedoms the principle of non-discriminatory eliminates discrimination of all aspects be it color, race or any other factor. The equality blends well with the principle of non-discriminatory since every individual is born free and equal to rights and dignity. All human rights are interdependent, interrelated and indivisible, whether the rights are political or civil, for example, the right to life, equality before the law, and freedom of expression; social, economic, and cultural rights, for example the right to housing, work and social security, or even collective rights, for example the rights to self-determination and development. Universality principle of human rights is the foundation of international human rights law. This principle has been reiterated in various international human rights declarations, resolutions, and conventions. For instance, Vienna World Conference of 1993 giving illustrations on human rights stated that it is the role of States to promote and protect all human rights and freedoms, despite of their cultural, political and economic systems. The expression of universality of the human rights is seen when states ratify the fundamental human rights treaties beyond all boundaries and civilizations Human rights are inalienable in that they should not be taken away from the individual they are duet to, except in specific circumstances and with respect to due process. The right to liberty,

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 43

Case study - Essay Example Companies that opt for such media for adverts may be affected (Hanlon, 2015). The advancement in the use of internet has led to the existence of pricing options of products from companies. The use of online platform through internet provision is gradually and rapidly transforming economic aspects of operations of companies. HMV should apply both the physical stores and online platform to maximize it sales in the entertainment industry whose economy has been steadily rising (Hanlon, 2015). The HMV management should have a comprehension of the socially accepted practices within the various cultures that are available online in attempting to market their products. This includes appreciating the dynamics and differences and beliefs of societies within its online market since obtaining this is easier than before. It has the potential of not only creating opportunities but also opening new markets for the company (Hanlon, 2015). The company has a technological leverage in their internet site for retail which makes them competitive with other players/industries in the market. Its online store will likely be versatile as it will enable integration of window media player, iTunes, et cetera. In addition, infiltrating into the digital market is an innovative way of growing with the demand of the consumers. HMV anticipates enhancing their competitive leverage by diversifying experiences in the entertainment over the contemporary rivals. The group of HMV has a joint venture with companies such as Curzon Artificial Eye for the purpose of bring the experience of cinema to the retail outlets of the company (HMV, 2015). The production of DVDs and CDs should entail the use of materials that are both non-biodegradable and non-renewable. The recycling process has proved to be not only complex and costly but also inefficient. Moreover, CDs and DVDs with high storage

Group Project Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Group Project Report - Research Paper Example It is a prohibited material in Qatar. In this context, study will find out if the company’s TQM adheres to this rule as well as to others on the matter. Through use of published literatures of the company and other guidelines, we will explore company’s Total Quality Management policies and practices. Findings will help management assess if its present practices need further improvement. Study finds out certain compliance but nevertheless saw the need for some revitalization. Does Qatar Plastic Product Co. Apply a Desirable TQM? I. Introduction Total quality management (TQM) has been an important feature in the operational aspects of operation in both business and manufacturing. Poor quality of service often times lead to unsatisfied customers that in turn result to loss of customers. In one way or another, everyone had unsatisfactory experiences of dissatisfaction over a product. These experiences might run from a major complaint to an inconsequential claim, like mechan ical defects of a newly purchased brand new car; late delivery of Pizza, or physical defects of a product. Customers are further infuriated when employees of the company are not properly trained to respond to these situations. The outcomes of these attitudes are loss of customers and gain of competitors that can take advantage of that need. In today’s competitive global market situation, companies must understand the powerful impact of providing quality service. The recent decline of the economy should lead company to realize that the most powerful manner to remain competitive is by implementing high standards of quality and to realize that in business, satisfaction of customers should be first priority. Let us begin this discussion of what Total Quality Management (TQM) is. It is defined as â€Å"The continuous process of reducing or eliminating errors in manufacturing, streamlining supply chain management, improving the customer experience and ensuring that employees are u p-to-speed with their training. Total quality management aims to hold all parties involved in the production process as accountable for the overall quality of the final product or service.† (Investopedia). This definition gives further illustration of TQM in service and in manufacturing industries. Manufacturing produces tangible products that can be seen, felt, or measured. Examples are food items, furniture and equipment, all of which are tangibles. Most common measures for manufactured products are conformance to specified standards; performance such as speed of a vehicle; durability – life span of the product; and serviceability - ease of repair. Service industries on the other hand are intangibles that cannot be seen or touched, but is explained more through experience. Since these are not physical, satisfaction of customers are difficult to measure. Oftentimes, in order to measure service satisfactions, customers’ perceptions which are subjective, are used. Such things are traits like satisfaction on the delivery of service, promptness, friendliness, courtesy of staff, timeliness, and those sorts of perceptions. This study has identified Qatar Plastic Product Company, one of the biggest companies in Qatar that manufactures flexible packaging using polyethylene resins. Since there are so many world-wide qualms

Soil and Microbes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Soil and Microbes - Essay Example Soil and Microbes Due care should be taken while handling the soil samples collected from different locations. Preliminary examination of the soil samples can be carried out by wetting the soil sample with water and squeezing them between the fingers to ascertain the type of soil, if the soil is sandy it falls apart, silty soil gives a flour type feeling and if the soil has clay then it holds together. Soil samples may contain microorganisms such as Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Actinomycetes and Viruses. All the microorganisms may either exist singly or in colonies. There are various techniques to detect form, pattern and arrangement of microorganisms in soil such as Microscopic methods and Microscopic methods plus culturing. Microscopic methods involve examination of soil samples under a light microscope by using simple stains such as phenol aniline blue and fluorescent stains such as fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), acridine orange, rhodamine (fluoresces red), europium chelate (europium (iii) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate), DAPI (4'-6'-diamidino-2-phenyl-indole), ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258 (bisbenzimide). While the first method can be adopted with any bright field white light microscope assuming that light can be transmitted through the object under examination but in the second method, the stain emits light at a visible wavelength on illumination with ultraviolet light. In microscopic methods plus culturing the soil samples are impregnated with agar or polyacrylate resins and sectioned into thin plates and examined by direct microscopy. One more method called the fluorescent antibody technique is the only technique that can locate and identify microorganisms simultaneously in intact soil samples or sections. In this technique the antibodies to microbial cells are generated by injecting the cells under study into a suitable animal (guinea pigs or rabbits) which produce antibodies to the microbial cells that can be isolated from the serum samples of the animals. The antibodies are proteins that can be reacted with FITC to produce FITC-antibody conjugates which will adhere only to the correct microbial cells if applied to a soil sample. Once the excess FITC-antibody conjugate is washed and removed, only those microbial cells will fluoresce, can be located and identified by epifluorescence microscopy. A recent method uses monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Certain other methods like Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA assays) and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods can also used to detect the microbes i n soils (Source - United Nations Water Virtual Learning Centre). Isolating bacteria and viruses or virus like particles (VLP) from the soil samples is being investigated through two techniques i.e., Epifluorescence Microscopy [EFM] and Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM] using two elution buffers (1% potassium citrate and 10Mm Sodium pyrophosphate) (Sampling Natural Viral Communities from Soil for Culture-Independent Analyses by Kurt E. Williamson, K. Eric Wommack and Mark Radosevich). Every possible care should be taken to avoid the microorganisms (Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Actinomycetes and Viruses) to come into physical contact with the human body or enter into

Alaska Milk Essay Example for Free

Alaska Milk Essay My name is Joselito T. Santos Jr. and Im a senior at San Beda College, majoring in legal management. As a graduating student of the said college an important school paper requirement for one of my subject which is Strategic Management should be accomplished to graduate. Im writing to express my interest in making a Strategic Management paper for your prestagious company which is the Alaska Milk Company Philippines. Documents such company documents, financial documents and marketing documents will be needed for the progress of my paper. I will assure that all of your documents will be taken care of and only be used as reference for the progess of my paper. Im hoping you will help me and in return I will provide your company a great Strategic Management Plan for the development of your company. Thank you. Sincerely, Joselito T. Santos Jr. ALASKA MILK CORPORATION OUR VISION Is to be a leading consumer foods company with a diversified portfolio of consumer food brands and products that are market leaders in their respective categories. OUR MISSION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT. We will continue to build on the strengths and competitive attributes of the ALASKA brand and develop its full marketing potential. We will develop new products and identify market opportunities, mindful of our task to be responsive to the ever changing and growing needs of our consumers. CUSTOMER SERVICE Customer relationship is an integral part of building the Alaska business. We aim to provide our partners in trade the best and most efficient service, making use of leading edge technology to ensure timely product availability and accessibility. We strive to know and understand our customers fully to bridge the gap between what they need and what we can give. QUALITY Ultimately, the consumer whom we serve and their level of satisfaction with our products become our final judge and jury. We are committed to deliver high quality milk and other consumer food products from production to consumption. We will respond to the call to deliver higher quality nutrition to every Filipino home. PEOPLE. We recognize that our people, the Alaska Team Members, are on of our most important assets and we are committed to promote their safety and welfare. Their wealth of experience, ideas, dedication and strong work ethic lay the foundation for the Companys continued success. It is our goal as much as it is theirs, to pursue and reach their full potentials through continuing education, training, and skills-enhancement programs. We challenge each individualby providing the opportunity to contribute to the Companys endeavors. PROFITABLE GROWTH. Growth that creates value for our shareholders is paramount. We will deploy our resources on investment opportunities that are within our core competence and yield excellent returns relative to its risks and which are consistent with our growth objectives. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY We recognize our role in nation building by promoting the protection of the environment and taking part in various community-building projects that help enhance and uplift the quality of life of the underprivileged and the marginalizedsectors of our society. Original Mission Product and Services Yes. We will develop new products and identify market opportunities, mindful of our task to be responsive to the ever changing and growing needs of our consumers. Quality Yes We are committed to deliver high quality milk and other consumer food products from production to consumption. We will respond to the call to deliver higher quality nutrition to every Filipino home. Market No Concern for survival and profitability Yes We will deploy our resources on investment opportunities that are within our core competence and yield excellent returns relative to its risks and which are consistent with our growth objectives. Technology Yes We aim to provide our partners in trade the best and most efficient service, making use of leading edge technology to ensure timely product availability and accessibility. Philosophy No Self Concept No Concern for Public Image Yes We recognize our role in nation building by promoting the protection of the environment and taking part in various community-building projects that help enhance and uplift the quality of life of the underprivileged and the marginalizedsectors of our society. Concern for Employee Yes. We recognize that our people, the Alaska Team Members, are on of our most important assets and we are committed to promote their safety and welfare. Revised Vision Is to be a leading and the number one dairy consumer foods company in the Philippines both Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao regions with a distinct and well known various consumer food brands and products that are market leaders and highest profit earners in their respective categories, Revised Mission Product and Services Yes We will develop new products and identify market opportunities, mindful of our task to be responsive to the ever changing and growing needs of our consumers. Quality Yes We are committed to deliver high quality milk and other consumer food products from production to consumption. We will respond to the call to deliver higher quality nutrition to every Filipino home. Market Yes We are committed in building a brige connecting all Filipinoes who are not just living in Luzon but also Filipinoes who are living in Visayas and Mindanao and targeting all economic classes in the Philippines such as the upper,middle and lower classes by providing new a product with quality and affortability. Concern for survival and profitability Yes. We will deploy our resources on investment opportunities that are within our core competence and yield excellent returns relative to its risks and which are consistent with our growth objectives. Technology Yes We aim to provide our partners in trade the best and most efficient service, making use of leading edge technology to ensure timely product availability and accessibility. Philosophy Yes We provide consumers with our products a choice to make their bodies to be more healthier and fit. Have a healty lifestyle and to live longer so that they can enjoy their fruitful years in their existence. Self Concept Yes We recognize that the company for so many years our company touches the hearts of all Filipinoes and with that we are one of the top supplier of consumer products in the Philippines. So we believe we provide provide products that has quality and affortability Concern for Public Image Yes We recognize our role in nation building by promoting the protection of the environment and taking part in various community-building projects that help enhance and uplift the quality of life of the underprivileged and the marginalizedsectors of our society. Concern for Employee Yes We recognize that our people, the Alaska Team Members, are on of our most important assets and we are committed to promote their safety and welfare. New Mission and Vission Vision Is to be a leading and the number one dairy consumer foods company in the Philippines both Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao regions with a distinct and well known various consumer food brands and products that are market leaders and highest profit earners in their respective categories, Mission Product and Services Yes. We will continue to build on the strengths and competitive attributes of the ALASKA brand and develop its full marketing potential. We will develop new products and identify market opportunities, mindful of our task to be responsive to the ever changing and growing needs of our consumers. Quality Yes Ultimately, the consumer whom we serve and their level of satisfaction with our products become our final judge and jury. We are committed to deliver high quality milk and other consumer food products from production to consumption. We will respond to the call to deliver higher quality nutrition to every Filipino home. Market Yes We are committed in building a brige connecting all Filipinoes who are not just living in Luzon but also Filipinoes who are living in Visayas and Mindanao and targeting all economic classes in the Philippines such as the upper,middle and lower classes by providing new a product with quality and affortability. Concern for survival and profitability Yes Growth that creates value for our shareholders is paramount. We will deploy our resources on investment opportunities that are within our core competence and yield excellent returns relative to its risks and which are consistent with our growth objectives. Technology Yes Customer relationship is an integral part of building the Alaska business. We aim to provide our partners in trade the best and most efficient service, making use of leading edge technology to ensure timely product availability and accessibility. We strive to know and understand our customers fully to bridge the gap between what they need and what we can give. Philosophy Yes We provide consumers with our products a choice to make their bodies to be more healthier and fit. Have a healty lifestyle and to live longer so that they can enjoy their fruitful years in their existence. Self Concept Yes We recognize that the company for so many years our company touches the hearts of all Filipinoes and with that we are one of the top supplier of consumer products in the Philippines. So we believe we provide provide products that has quality and affortability Concern for Public Image Yes We recognize our role in nation building by promoting the protection of the environment and taking part in various community-building projects that help enhance and uplift the quality of life of the underprivileged and the marginalizedsectors of our society. Concern for Employee Yes We recognize that our people, the Alaska Team Members, are on of our most important assets and we are committed to promote their safety and welfare. Their wealth of experience, ideas, dedication and strong work ethic lay the foundation for the Companys continued success. It is our goal as much as it is theirs, to pursue and reach their full potentials through continuing education, training, and skills-enhancement programs. We challenge each individualby providing the opportunity to contribute to the Companys endeavors. Chapter 1 Introduction. Alaska Milk products were first manufactured in the Philippines in 1972 through Holland Milk Products, Inc. (HOMPI), a partnership between AMCs former parent company, General Milling Corporation (GMC), an industrial foods company with interests in flour, feed and soy bean milling, and a Dutch dairy company, Holland Canned Milk International B. V. HOMPI initially manufactured liquid canned filled milk products, (evaporated and sweetened condensed milk) and eventually expanded to manufacture powdered filled milk and UHT milk products division up until AMCs spin-off and incorporation as a separate and independent corporate entity in 1994. It was also a time when the company embarked on a major expansion program which prompted the company to tap the capital markets through an initial public offering (IPO) to raise funds for the capacity expansion of its powdered milk facilities. Alaska Milk shares were listed in the Philippine Stock Exchange in 1995. Post-IPO, GMC held 66% of AMC while 34% was left in free float to the public. In mid-1997, however, GMC transfered its 66% ownership in AMC to individual shareholders of GMC through a property dividend, thus fully divesting its interest in AMC and enabling management to consolidate and focus its efforts in pursuing AMCs interests in the consumer foods industry. Currently, management and strategic partner Campina Melkunie hold 56% while 44% is in public free float. For over thirty years, AMC has emerged as one of only two major players in the Philippine milk industry, consistently maintaining brand leadership in the liquid canned milk category and holding a strong and growing position in powdered milk. It has also expanded into higher value-added milk products, particularly in UHT/Ready-to-Drink milk category. Apart from growing its core businesses, AMC endeavors to diversity and explore opportunities in related consumer products with global food companies that will complement AMCs existing revenue base. In 1972, Alaska began caring for the Filipino family by providing quality milk products for good nutrition and health. Since then, it has shown its caring in other ways: through programs that promote sports development, campaigns that foster good values among children and product innovations aimed at enhancing the Filipinos health and welfare. It is this commitment to the Filipino that has made Alaska a leading brand. In 1996, the mission of caring for the Filipino and bringing nutrition to each home grows stronger than ever, as Alaska looks forward to the next 25 years. Board of Directors Our board of directors have successful careers in businese, academe and public service. Research Design Data that will be used for the company analysis will be gathered from the websites of Alaska Milk Company, documents and other papers will be get from a connection working inside the company and other government agencies such Securities of Exchange Commisions and National Statistics Office. These government offices have the relevant informations for the paper to progess To assess Alaskas performance relative to its competitors, audited financial reports for 2010 and 2011 will be obtained from Alaska Milk Company as well as its key competitors from the Securities and Exchange Commission. Aside from getting and providing financial data, the published annual reports in general circulations such as newspaper will also serves as a good source of internal and competitor information. Statements from the corporate website of Alaska and its competitors will be used to determine recent developments, marketing activities and other internal and competitor information. To be able to benchmark the pricing of the company relative to its competitors, various. Scope and Limitation. This paper will be limited to Alask Milk Coporation dairy food ventures in the Philippines. This paper intends to create a product which has a high demand in the food market and making a dairy product that will be competing to an exisiting market. The paper will focus on how can the company attract consumers to buy, earn profit and compete in the Philippine food consumer market in providing a new product such as a milk tea powder and making an exsisting dairy product such as white cheese product. The paper will only concentrate to the introduced new business product such as the caramel milk tea powder and white cheese productions of Alaska Milk Company. Its other products will not be tackled in this paper. Due to the timing of the submission of this paper, only the 2011 Annual report will be used. The strategies recommended in this paper will affect the financials of the company in 2012 up to 2016. Major Assumptions * Alaska Milk Company will be the first food consumer company to produce caramel milk tea powder drink all over the Philippines. * Alaska Milk Company will be the first food consumer company to sell milk tea products in a low a price compare to its competitors. * Alaska Milk Company will be the first food consumer company to commercial and sell low priced nutrious white cheese products. * Alaska Milk Company White cheese product will be the number one cheese product in the Philipppines taking the place of other cheese product competitors. * The percentage income of Alaska Milk Company will increase due to high demand of its new product III. External Analysis.

Daily Checklist Safety Essay Example for Free

Daily Checklist Safety Essay When planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services, there are certain factors which need to be considered for example, the setting needs to take into account the risks and hazards around the setting inside and outside -outside, to ensure there are no poisonous plants, berries and sharp objects and inside that all the doors and gates are locked. Risk assess the setting for broken toys, the floor needs to be clean and clear, plugs are covered and fire exit doors are clear. The layout should have space between each activity and display. Health and Safety is monitored and maintained in the setting by (is there a checklist for example where you have a list of daily/hourly checks to do on the premises to ensure you are maintaining a healthy and safe setting?) following a Health and Safety Checklist provided to us by our manager which includes tasks such as check the doors are locked, that there is a safety gate to the kitchen area, practise fire drills and ensuring hazardous substances are locked away in cupboards. By following these checklists we are also made aware of the risks and hazards not following the checklist can cause and this encourages us to work safely. Current guidance for planning healthy and safety environments and services can be sourced from the Playgroup Manager, Slough Sure Start ,Ofsted, The Dept of Education, Health protection agency and the EYFS. Following the current guidance in the health and safety at work act 1974, gives the responsibility for health and safety to the employer and employees. The premises must be well maintain and safe, accidents and indents form must be fill in when any accident occurs. Health and safety at work regulations 1999, childcare act 2006, and the 2008 act that covers the early years and legislation on safeguarding. The EYFS 2008 ensures that there is an adult/child ratio in place, a first aid qualified person in the setting at all times and all staff have a qualification of about level 2. The setting follow the policies and the guideline of the EYFS. We risk assess when taking the children off the setting premises by filling in a trip planner with the name of the child and the contact number of the child parent with they permission form. Name of all the staff that are going on the trip. (This is an example, you need to explain more about how staff are made aware of the risks and hazards in the setting and encouraged to work safely, give examples like, posters, staff meetings. How does Sharon monitor you guys on HS or how does she give HS information to you).

Self Care Strategies for Counsellors

Self Care Strategies for Counsellors Byrne et al. (2006) indicates that therapists can be at risk of burnout and impairment if they do not manage their professional stress well. Practicing therapists may exhibit symptoms of burnout and may suffer from symptoms of VT (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Graduate students in helping fields are vulnerable to stress because of the multiple demands of graduate school, such as academic assignments, clinical practice, and financial restrictions (Myers et al., 2012). Time and financial constraints have been cited as primary sources of stress among graduate students in training (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Student trainees may face the additional responsibilities and time demands of clinical work, supervision, and internship. In addition to aforementioned stressors, other common stressors in this population include performance anxiety, competition, program requirements, lack of experience, and professional relationships (Myers et al., 2012). Myers et al. (2012) indicate that students in t raining have to cope with these stressors and their new roles, while concurrently fostering their skills necessary for providing therapeutic services to clients. Therefore, educators and supervisors need to understand the role of stress among students to provide guidance on effective stress management and self-care (Myers et al., 2012). Without well-established support systems and coping strategies, novice trainees may have difficulties of managing the stress (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Forrest et al. (2008) provide an ecological description by indicating systemic factors for trainee impairment, including faculty interactions (micro), institutional (exo) and national (macro) policies, and hierarchical issues (micro). Societal hierarchical dynamics are unconscious and deeply embedded in the training process. Forrest et al. (2008) further indicates the importance of communication (meso) between academic programs and off-campus training sites such as practicum and internship settings. Besides, program structure (exo) may evoke unnecessary stresses for students. Systematic issues of program policy are often ignored while play a powerful role in student impairment. Forrest et al. (2008) comment that the understanding of trainee impairment should cover an individual level (center) and a contextual system level (micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono). The authors suggest that trainees not meeting minimum standards of professional competence are influenced by peers (micro), t raining supervisors (micro), program policies and structures (exo), accreditation (e.g., CACREP; macro), professional associations (e.g., ACA; macro). In addition to being stressors, financial (micro) and time constraints (micro) may also be important barriers to participation in activities of self-care that may help buffer stress (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). The existing literature has noted a significant relationship between self-care strategy and stress among therapist trainees (Myers et al., 2012). A wide range of self-care strategies have been found to reduce stress-related symptoms. Self-care strategy is defined as the engagement in behaviors that promote well-being and may include factors such as sleep, exercise, use of social support, emotion regulation strategies, and mindfulness practice (Myers et al., 2012). According to El-Ghoroury et al. (2012), lack of time was the first barrier to using or learning any of these coping strategies. The steadily rising expenses associated with graduate training are also a significant concern for students. Students may need to sacrifice their leisure time for earning a living (e.g., part- time job; micro). Given the significant amount of stress during higher education, elucidating the behavioral and emotional coping strategies by educators (micro) is important for helping them handle stress more effectively. Social support and engaging in activities that promote social support may be considered an aspect of self-care practice (Myers et al., 2012). Social support has negative correlation with stressful, emotional and physical problems (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). Graduate program support (micro) and family support (micro) have been found to be related to graduate student stress level (Myers et al., 2012). Students reported less stressful events and health problems when perceived more support from their family and friends (Myers et al., 2012). Besides, consistent, trusting, and supportive faculty-student interactions may help students in managing stress. Support from faculty, advising relationships, and training programs are also critical for students to adapt to new professional roles. Global stress and poor advisor support were found to be associated with burnout and career dissatisfaction in therapist trainees. The importance of mentoring relationships (micro) is highlighted in career de velopment, academic functioning and satisfaction, among student trainees. The top three coping strategies reported are the support from friends, family, and classmates, rather than supervisors. Students who have difficult relationships with their advisors tend to have more stress. The quality of the mentoring relationship is associated with students’ professional outcomes. Pack (2013) indicates that on the level of microsystem, support from peer (micro) and agencies (micro) are important as well as the availability of personal therapy (micro). Opportunities to share experiences of working with trauma victims and information about VT needs to be available in all settings (micro). For example, settings should provide peer supervision and training workshops to help therapists ameliorate VT (Pack, 2013). Information on worker rights may assist in supporting therapists to collectively advocate for their work. Pack (2013) further indicates that on the organizational level, health and safety issues should be addressed within setting policy (exo). The risks of engaging potentially traumatic events need to be explained during the recruitment of new employees. Possible cumulative effects of working with trauma clients should be raised with therapists. Pack (2013) suggests that the risks of VT can be reduced if there a setting (micro) provides sufficient support and collaborative approaches for therapists. Settings can inform trainees the views of trauma practitioners about the trauma therapy. An experienced therapist (micro) may be able to mentor trainees or students. Supervisors have a responsibility for ensuring their trainees have access to education about VT. The culture (exo) of the agency could also be the support for ameliorating VT (Pack, 2013). The culture here includes peer support within daily case meetings and non-hierarchical collaborative decision making. Having a culture which s ees VT as a normal part of trauma-related helping would effectively ameliorate VT. The culture can provide sense of security for the therapists while working with traumatized clients (Pack, 2013). This idea suggests that in graduate training program, the culture (exo) and the program (micro) should provide a supportive environment to prevent students from developing VT. Ethnic minority students may face a somewhat different pattern of stressors during graduate training than non-minority students (Myers et al., 2012; El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). These additional stressors include racial discrimination, racial prejudice, the feeling of isolation, and different cultural expectations (macro, chrono), which negatively impacted school experience. Furthermore, minority students who reported the stressors had higher rates of burnout, depressive symptoms, and reduced quality of life (Myers et al., 2012). The authors also indicate that minority students and international graduate students are actually less likely to use counseling services in response to stressors. Racial minority students often experience more academic stress and less social support than students of Euro-American descent, which may be attributable to race-related stress and vulnerability of developing VT (El-Ghoroury et al., 2012). It is important to consider cultural differences when consider ing stress among student trainees. Adams and Riggs (2008) indicate that students with personal trauma history (chrono) are more vulnerable to VT in courses on trauma. At the moments of reexperiencing, students with trauma history described their struggling with coping as avoidance. Students also reported having little control over the experience of VT symptoms. Adams and Riggs (2008) describe these adaptive coping strategies used by students, including suppression, sublimation, and humor. By the end of this course, most students reported developing effective self-care strategies. This finding suggests that although many students with trauma history (chrono) may revisit their own trauma symptoms during trauma courses, the course on trauma (micro) helped students develop successful self-care strategies. Pack (2013) also addresses the importance of personal trauma history, and recommends that agencies should provide personal therapy (micro) for therapists affected by clients’ trauma information due to their own tr auma history. Adams and Riggs (2008) reported that novice clinicians may be more vulnerable to VT. The authors indicate that the level of training and experience working with traumatized patients is related to clinician outcomes. The deficits in trauma-specific training are associated with VT symptoms. Black (2008) indicates that graduate counseling students may have preexisting factors (chrono) in their lives that form a vulnerability to developing VT later in their careers. Therefore, Graduate training programs (micro) should work on preventing students in training from being traumatized or becoming more vulnerable to future VT (Black, 2008). DePrince et al. (2011) indicate that the lack of trauma education at the graduate levels increases the urgency to develop effective training for postgraduate professionals. Training and education practices which support system-wide, culturally responsive practice is important for preventing VT (DePrince et al., 2011). Even if students do not have preexistin g events that might predispose them to VT, teaching a course on trauma may prevent students from becoming overwhelmed in training (Black, 2008). Pack (2013) also recommends that training courses (e.g., practicum and internship) need to alert students to the potential risks of affecting their psychological health due to the trauma-related practice. Resources such as theoretical models fostering recovery are needed to ameliorate VT.

Love and Hate :: Essays Papers

Love and Hate Setting This story was about 2 boys (Bryon and Mark). Bryon was the oldest. He was sixteen and Mark was 15. They both got into alot of trouble. They enjoyed fighting, and they were pool hustlers. Mark had moved in with Bryon and his mother when he was little. His parents had gotten into a fight and shot each other. Plot Structure I believe this story was a man versus himself, because all through the book Bryon was constantly changing. He and Mark started to grow apart. He started to fall in love with a girl. He also had to deal with turning his best friend/brother into the police. He had to learn to forgive himself. Towards the end Bryon turned Mark into the police. He had found drugs under Mark's mattress. Mark had been bringing home money and Bryon finally found out where it was coming from. Mark had been selling drugs. Bryon did not know what to do thus, he called the police. When Mark came home and Bryon told him, Mark was shocked. In court Mark would not even look at Bryon and when Bryon went to see him Mark said that he hated him. Plot Summary Bryon and Mark were friends/brothers. Mark moved in with them when he was 9. His parents had gotten into a fight and ended up shooting each other. Mark and Bryon did everything together. They were big pool hustlers. They would go into Charlie's bar and find someone to play pool with. Then they would end up with all his money. Bryon was friends with Charlie. That's how they were able to go into the bar. Bryon was 16 and Mark was 15. They both loved getting into fights. One day they were walking with M&M,a thirteen year old who loved M&M's. When three guys tried to jump M&M. M&M did not like to fight thus, Mark and Bryon stopped it. Bryon and Mark went to visit Bryon's mother in the hospital. She told them about a boy, Mike, across the hall who never had any visitors. Thus she asked them to go see him. bryon did not want to thus, he went to the snack bar and he saw a girl he knew.

The Stock Market :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

The Stock Market Have you ever noticed how everyone thinks they know what is best for you? Everyone telling you what to do when you are the only one who knows what is the best for you. You maybe wondering what this is about, would you believe me if I told you it is about the stock market. Well it is, you may have thought that this had nothing to do with the stock market, but actually it is everything about the stock market. Why trust everybody else when you can invest yourself ? Develop your own system of trading and get started. This may raise another question, " How can I find the right stock and buy them with out the assistance of a stock broker?" In the following information I will take you through the process of finding hot stock picks and turning them into tremendous profits. Eventually you will even develop a trading system. First of all lets get the basic steps down before we move to the more advanced steps. The two main ways to make money in the stock market is from dived ends and buying low and selling high. To make great outrageous profits you will have to riley on buying low and selling high. This is very easy to say but very difficult to do. With dived ends you will receive a small percentage gain every quarter of the year, this helps with your profits but not much. To buy low and sell high you first have to find some stocks or funds. With this information and your motivation with stocks you can rule the world! O.K. maybe not the world but definitely your own portfolio. Now that you have the main concepts down we can move on and try to find some hot stocks. You never want to buy over bought stocks, because over bought stocks means that they are over valued. If you bought a over valued stock chances are that you bought high, and this may force you into selling low and take a loss. An easy way to get a round about feel for a stock to see if it is over or under valued is to look at its PE ratio.

Quackery :: essays research papers

Quackery This year, we Americans will spend billions of dollars on products that do nothing for us - or may even harm us. And we'll do it for the same reason people have done it since ancient times... We want to believe in miracles. We want to find simple solutions and shortcuts to better health. It's hard to resist. All of us, at one time or another, have seen or heard about a product - a new and exotic pill, a device, or potion - that can easily solve our most vexing problem. With this product, we're told, we can eat all we want and still lose weight. We can grow taller or have bigger breasts. Or we can overcome baldness, age, arthritis, even cancer. It sounds too good to be true - and it is. But we're tempted to try the product in spite of all we know about modern medical science - or perhaps because of it. After all, many treatments we take for granted today were once considered miracles. How can we tell the difference? Not all advertisements for health products are false, of course. In fact, the vast majority aren't .So just what is quackery? Simply put, quackery is the promotion of a medical remedy that doesn't work or hasn't been proven to work. In modern times, quackery is known as health fraud. But call it quackery or call it health fraud, the result is the same - unfulfilled wishes, wasted dollars, endangered health. Often quack products are fairly easy to spot, like the magic pills you are supposed to take to stay forever young. But sometimes the products are vaguely based on some medical report that you may even have heard about in the news. In general, when looking over ads for medicines and medical devices, watch out for those that seem to promise too much too easily. Quack cures rob us of more than money. They can steal health away or even take lives. Quacks may lure the seriously and often desperately ill, such as people suffering from arthritis and cancer, into buying a bogus cure. When people try quack remedies instead of getting effective medical help, their illnesses progress, sometimes beyond the treatable stage. Quacks have always been quick to exploit current thinking. The snake-oil salesmen a few generations back carried an array of "natural" remedies to sell to a public that was still close to the frontier. And today, quacks take advantage of the back-to-nature movement, capitalizing on the notion that there ought to be simple, natural solutions to almost any problem.

McDonald S Thesis

For example, Mange Nasal Food Corporation launched its new available products that truly its the Pinot palate, called â€Å"Mange Nasal Halo Halo†; pinot-Kananga, creamy scrap, compared to its former desserts, which is now being loved by many of their customers. The company launched this product as a latest counterpart for those new products being produced by its rival companies like Chocking, which recently launched their new varieties of foods.However, the basis of winning Filipino loyalty is not just lies upon the taste of the food, but more so, upon how the company values the importance of time to their customers, their status, financial capacity, and establishing a pleasant relationship with hem. In this age of commercialism, in an age where societies are depending upon the businesses of both small and big capitalists, food industry occupies the fundamental and the dominating place in the market since its nature responds to the most basic and vital need of the people â₠¬â€œ food.Everywhere, every corner of the streets in our nation, there are presence of food and beverage establishments; establishments that played a role of great importance in the midst of an active society. In this age, where people are so engrossed by their jobs or anything that exhaust their mind, fast-food chain r mobile food services play an important aspect in order for them to manage stress by experiencing an excellent dining phenomenon. Their goal is to provide the consumers with full satisfaction, starting from the time they enter into the store until they leave, according to the need of their satisfaction.Mange Nasal was first established in the town of San Bernardino, California in 1940. Americans widely embraced their products until some branches were also established in different parts of the world. In 1981, a Filipino businessman named George Yen brought the name of McDonald's to the Philippines, and founded the first branch in Moray, Manila. Filipinos loved those va rieties of products offered by the company, until branches were also launched in the Visas and Mindanao region.McDonald's also established their own charitable institution and received its first award in 1 996 for being one of the most profitable franchise in Asia. Today, the company continues in serving the Filipino people, launching a total Of 460 branches nationwide. But the competition in the market is becoming more intense. Before McDonald's established in the Philippines, those growing companies such as Jollied, KEF, Tropical Hut and Man's Restaurant are beginning to gain foothold upon the heart of the Filipino.Everyone is promising full customer satisfaction; everyone is launching their own variety of food that will surely captivate the common taste. Aside from this, new food companies begin to emerge offering some kind of foreign taste that will also suit the wants of the Filipino, such as Chocking. How then McDonald's handle this the kind of fierce competition among food in dustries? How they will secure the loyalty of their customers from their rivals? On the other hand, what are those indications hat these customers are not loosing their loyalty to their company?This paper will discuss the current state of the McDonald's company on their buyers' point of view. By conducting interviews and gathering available documents, the researchers of this paper presented sufficient information according to what has been required in the topic. Statement of the Problem Filipinos are well-known food lovers in the world. In fact, they have light meal times called â€Å"Marianne time†, a snack break-time different from those three meals being taken each day. These snacks or â€Å"Marianne† have usually taken teens lunch and dinner, or even before bedtime and during â€Å"siesta† at the middle of the night.Today, going to fast-food chains is becoming part of Filipinos fundamental â€Å"wants†, not just because of its mouth-watering foods and delightful toppings, but because of its affordability compared with those native delicacies. Their recipes are first widely recognized since the coming of foreign food varieties in the country. Their producers are hardly competing in the market, and among them, McDonald's is building up a sphere of great popularity in an outstanding speed, becoming people's utterance more than TTS local petty counterparts, and establishing loyalty among its customers.The aim of this paper is to define those indicators proving that some fast-food goers are now shifting their loyalty towards this American founded food company. These indicators are based upon interviews conducted both among store personnel and customers. In order to establish this aim, the researchers divided this topic into six sub-issues; a. Define the class of people who often eat McDonald's products. B. Discover the marketing plan of the company in order to win the taste of its current buyers. C. Discover the uniqueness of McDonal d's products compared to other fast-food sellers. D.Learn how the company maintains the loyalty of its customers. E. Know if the company has any other plans or strategy in order to secure customer loyalty from the future changes of competition in the market and switching taste of Filipino people. Significance of the Study Since McDonald's is one of the fastest growing fast-food chain in the country, with 400 branches already established nationwide, earning a large number Of customers ranging from the common class of people up to some rich local ND foreign food lovers, this paper will provide the readers with information on how the company acquire and maintain loyalty among its customers.Readers should not expect any negative issues about the company's products, but rather we will discuss the bright side in terms of its market for the benefit of those who want to engage in the same food business. Other sectors that can benefit from this paper include the following; A. Society The soc iety will know how McDonald's helps them to satisfy their hunger and financial capacity despite of their wants to taste delightful products at an affordable price.This paper will also provide them some significant information about the quality of products McDonald's are offering to them, including total satisfaction it had promised to their customers. B. Students of Entrepreneurial and Marketing Management Discussing the marketing plan and strategy of the company would be a great help for students taking up Entrepreneurial and Marketing Management since their effectiveness was already proven in the market.Since the company offers insufficient details about their plan and sales rate through the internet, he researchers of this paper exert all their effort to acquire some basic information through interviews conducted among the company's personnel and costumers so that the students will be informed about the secrets behind the product's success despite the fact that it was just recent ly established compared to its counterparts. C.Small Fast-food Business Owners In the midst of intense competition in the market, particularly among food industries, this paper will help those small fast-food business owners to go along with those successful food businesses in winning the publics taste. They can acquire the ideas being presented in this paper, or at least add them with their unique ideas so that they may leave any peculiar mark upon those people who bought their product.The basic marketing strategy of McDonald's was proven to be effective, therefore adding any peculiar ideas to this strategy or some sort of ingredients to the product itself may help them to secure customers loyalty from the future changes in the market or from the constantly changing tastes of the people. D. Aspiring Business Beginners This paper will help not only those who want to be engaged in the food equines, but also those who are thinking a kind of business that will surely win the favor of t he mass.People nowadays are becoming more practical in terms of financial matters without dropping their desire to at least experience some sort of luxury. Therefore, this paper will provide them such a business idea that will suit to the basic needs and wants of the common people at a very affordable price. Scope and Limitations This paper aims to show those indications of customer loyalty towards their favorite fast-food hangout despite the fierce competition among food industries.Since the topic focused on the relationship between the McDonald's Company and its customers, it is very important to present some documents concerning the company's sales and the customers' point of view toward the products, based upon those information available through business periodicals, internet sources, and the target sales board being presented in a certain McDonald's branch. Because of this, the researchers sought the help of some employees in order to present important details in relation to t he topic, because they believe that reaching the target sales of a retain branch indicates a positive response from its loyal customers.

30 Days Challenge

twenty-four hour period 01 A witness of yourself with ten facts twenty-four hour period m 01 A notion of yourself with ten facts *I delight in God. *I claim a Labrador Retriever urinated Buddy. *My full name is Sharmaine Anne Mediavilla Baloyo. *Im currently 18 years old. *I love to swim scarce Im in any case afraid to take my life robe during snorkeling. *I have a hugger-mugger passion in dancing. *My greatest ambition is that someday Ill be able to take care Greece. *Taking up Dentistry. *My front-runner sustenance is Lasagna. *I some eras hate my florists chrysanthemum but I love her so much. twenty-four hours 02 A determine of you and the soulfulness you have been impending with the longest solar day 02 A fit of you and the soul you have been closest with the longest. Her name is Imee. Weve been bestfriends since Grade2. Shes so smart, soft spoken, and I love her to the max. She knows a plenitude approximately me. Way back then shes my secret keep er and chismis buddy. mean solar day 03 A trope of the cast from your preferent show day 03 A photo of the cast from your favorite show She plays as Blaire Waldorf in call on the carpet Girl, but shes known as Leighton Meester. Shes my idol.Aside from beingness so good in playacting she also has the talent in singing. =) sidereal day 04 A demo of your night twenty-four hours 04 A throw of your night A calculate with my friends from Ilo-ilo. This was taken after my intromission party at chalet. twenty-four hour period 05 A design of your favorite retention twenty-four hour period 05 A fork up of your favorite memory Dec. 12 2009, the very first time Ive introduced him to all of my girlfriends. =) wala lang batabata pada sa akon kag cute =) highschool. twenty-four hours 06 A picture of a person youd love to trade places with for a day twenty-four hour period 06 A picture of a person youd love to trade places with for a day kay, her name is Esti Ginzbur g. The girl whom Chace Crawford my love is currently dating. Shes very pretty and so glowing =))) daytime 07 A picture of your just around treasured position Day 07 A picture of your well-nigh treasured item hahaha wala lang amo ni ang environ ko nga stand o sbg latest model na sya sang nokia. pati ah, happy lng ko kay sng naguba ang phone ko nakita ko ni sa salakyan ni daddy. MY SAVIOR hahahah Day 08 A picture that makes you laugh Day 08 A picture that makes you laugh Wala lang natawa lang gid ko ya ))) hahaha Day 09 A picture of the person who has gotten you through the virtually Day 09 A picture of the person who has gotten you through the virtually Hes my cousin, he knows everything about me. Hes always there for me through compact and thin, love you nong Day 10 A picture of the person you do the most screwed up things with Day 10 A picture of the person you do the most screwed up things with Her name is Marianne Geena Zaldivar Urbiztondo. vital statisti cs, 24-36-24. hahhaha pati joke. shes my bestestfriend ever. indi ko na maalala kung anong kabalastugan ang mga nagawa natin dahil ang dami dami kaya =) hahahhaa Day 11 A picture of something you hate Day 11 A picture of something you hate okay, I know most of you like cats. but me, HELL NO I in truth chiffoniert forget sang time na i thought may gahibi nga baby sagwa gin check ko gulpi lang nag lumpat nagkaradusmo ko sang dalagan. Kag basta jackdaw ka layo gid ya buot ko sa kuring. HAHAHAHAHA ) Day 12 A picture of something you love Day 12 A picture of something you love I love dogs, especially if theyre still a puppy.Cutie patootie na super cuddly pa. Makakita ko puppy sa dalan or wherever ga stop gid ko na ya, gaka dazzle ko kay ka mga cute cute bi. =)))) Day 13 A picture of your favorite band or artist Day 14 A picture of mortal you could never imagine your life without Day 15 A picture of something you unavoidableness to do before you die Day 16 A picture of soul who inspires you Day 17 A picture of something that has made a huge clashing on your life recently Day 18 A picture of your biggest danger Day 19 A picture and a letterDay 20 A picture of somewhere youd love to travel Day 21 A picture of something you coveting you could forget Day 22 A picture of something you wish you were better at Day 23 A picture of your favorite book Day 24 A picture of something you wish you could trade Day 25 A picture of your day Day 26 A picture of something that means a lot to you Day 27 A picture of yourself and a family member Day 28 A picture of something youre afraid of Day 29 A picture that can always make you smile Day 30 A picture of somebody you miss

Attachment, Loss and Bereavement

This analyse keys and evaluates the contri simplyions of Bowlby, Ainsworth, Murray-Parkes, Kubler-Ross and Worden, as well as subsequent theorists, to their various(prenominal) fields. I demonstrate how I al hold endure with just about of these poses, utmostlighting my strengths and atomic number 18as for stupefy workforcet. I emphasise few make fors on Bowlbys work, pencil scarper to his trilogy addition 1969 interval 1973 and Loss, Sadness and Depression 1980 demonstrating how clutch handsts in infancy whitethorn shape our appendage rooms in subsequent life.Pietromonaco and Barrett tell A central tenet of adhesiveness scheme is that people develop mental representations, or know leadgecapable functional mouldings that consist of expectations about the egotism, signifi back in like mannertht former(a)s and the family mingled with the two. (Pietromonaco and Barrett, 2000, 42, p156). I illustrate how this ingrained running(a) mold is developed via the alliance betwixt kid and result angel dust, demonstrating that p arental wish passel create a faulty inhering on the job(p) form, which whitethorn lead to psychopathology in later life.I besides demonstrate how these inside running(a) models influence our reactions to dismission and harm in great(p)hood and their say-so shock on the way relationship. In addition, I seek the multi-layered spillagees acquired by human immunodeficiency virus+ funny men and finally deplumate some conclusions. Freuds view on the sisters hamper to its get under ones skin was quite simple the resolve why the babe in arms wants to get the picture the presence of its mother is only because it already knows by inhabit that she satisfies all its needs without delay. (Freud, 1924, p188 cited in Eysenck, 2005, p103).In contrast, behaviorists believed that aliment looked a central fiber in the development of accessory. (Pendry, 1998 Eysenck, 2005). These theories were termed secondary-drive theories. In 1980, Bowlby recalled this secondary drive supposition did non take c ar to me to fit the facts. but, if the secondary dependency was inadequate, what was the alternative? (Bowlby,1980, p650 cited in Cassidy and Shaver, 1999, p3).Bowlbys theory was influenced by his musical theme xl Four Juvenile Thieves, where he reason a correlation exists surrounded by maternal(p) deprivation in infancy, leading to affectionless psychopathology and subsequent criminal doings in adolescents. (Bowlby, 1944, 25, p19-52). This led to him look foring the uphold of loss on chelaren dis throw ind by dint of war and institutionalisation, resulting in Maternal anguish and Mental Health (1952), where he confirms a crosstie between environmental trauma and resultant disturbances in claw development.As a result of this research, Bowlby intermitd it is psychological deprivation rather than the economic, nutritional or medical exam deprivation that is the cau se of troubled boorren. (Bowlby in Coates, 2004, 52, p577). He was further influenced by Lorenz who form that goslings would derive and attach themselves to the maiden moving object they saw. This following of the first moving object was called imprint. (Lorenz, 1937 cited in Kaplan, 1998, p124).Cl beforehand(predicate) babies housenot follow at will to compensate for this, Bowlby noted that imprinting manifested it egotism as a spectacularly much compound phenomenon in primates, including man, which he later labelled alliance. (Hooer, 2004, 111, p58-60). He alike embraced the work of Harlow and Zimmerman who worked with child rhesus monkeys demonstrating that not only did the need for extension give them security, but that this need took priority over their need for food. (Harlow and Zimmerman 1959 cited in Green and Scholes, 2003, p9).Dissatisfied with traditional theories, Bowlby embraced untested understandings through with(predicate) discussion with colleagues f rom such(prenominal) fields as developmental psychology, ethology, control systems theory and cognitive science, leading him to formulate his theory that the mechanisms underlying the childs tie to the mother originally emerged as a result of evolutionary and biological pressures. (Cassidy and Shaver, 1999 Green and Scholes, 2003).Defining his accompaniment theory as a exertment of conceptualising the leaning of human beings to make strong affectional bails to concomitant others. (Bowlby, 1979 cited in Green and Scholes, 2003, p7), he posited that it is our affectional bonds to addendum figures that engage us in our most unrelenting emotions. and that this occurs during their formation (we call that falling in sleep with), in their concern (which we describe as loving) and in their loss (which we know as suffer), (Green and Scholes, 2003, p8), thereby alternate the secondary-drive theory with a model emphasising the role relationships play in adherence and loss. ( wet, Crowell, Elliott et all, 2002, 4, p230-242).Disregarding what he called Freuds cupboard love theory of adhesion, he believed instead that a child is born biologically pre-disposed to become disposed to its mother, claiming this bond has two essential features the biological function of securing security department for survival and the physiological and psychological need for security. (Green and Scholes, 2003 Schaffer, 2004). Sonkin (2005) describes four-spot features to this bond inviolable alkali, dissolution protest, effective harbour and proximity maintenance.The concept of a catch stem turn is fundamental to supplement theory and is utilize to describe a dependable affixation to a base phencyclidine hydrochloride. This secure base is established by providing agreeable levels of safety, responsiveness and activated value from within which the infant can explore his or her remote and home(a) worlds and to which they can gift, consequently providing a sense of security. musical interval protest is exhibited as a sign of the incommode conveyd upon legal fourth dimension interval from an holdfast figure, who whitethorn also be used as a safe haven to turn to for comfort in times of distress.When safety is threatened, infants attract the attention of their primal main(a) financial aid set asider through crying or screaming. chief(prenominal)taining attention and interest, e. g. vocalising and smiling, and desire or maintaining proximity, e. g. following or clinging, all mete out to promote the safety succeedd by the secure base (providing of course that parents respond appropriately). (Holmes, 1993 Cassidy and Shaver 1999 Becket, 2002 Green and Scholes, 2003).Proximity want is a two way military operation, for example child seek parent or parent seeking child. (Weiss in Murray-Parkes, Stevenson-Hinde and Marris, 1991 Becket, 2004 Sonkin, 2007). Bowlby also get alongd unwilling separation caused by parents who were phsycially present but not able to respond, or who deprived infants of love or mistreat them, left them with a sense of immense deprivation and that this unwilling separation and resultant loss leads to indistinct emotional distress. (Green and Scholes, 2003).At a recent conference, the Centre for Attachment ground Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy (CAPP) asserts Early interactions with fundamental others in which there are fundamental failures of empathy, attunement, cite and regularisation of emotional states, have been sh bear to cause the spheric breakdown of any coherent affixation strategy, then engendering affrights of dis integrating and threatening psychic survival. In the compositors case of such senses, powerful dissociative defences whitethorn be employed, encapsulating overwhelming feelings of fear, rage and shame. (CAPP, 2007).Together with Robertson and Rosenbluth, Bowlby demonstrated that even apprise separation from the mother has profound emotional cl othe up on the infant. Their research highlighted a 3 detail behavioural response to this separation protest associate to separation anxiety despair related to melancholy and grieve and insulating material related to defences. (Robertson, Rosenbluth, Bowlby, 1952 in Murray-Parkes, Stevenson-Hinde and Marris, 1991). Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters and Wall (1978) later established the inter-relatedness between attachment behaviour, maternal sensitivity and exploration in the child.Under clinical settings, they sought to observe the effects of temporary separation from the mother, which was assessed via the eerie situation procedure. This study convolute children between the ages of 12 to 18 months who experienced separation from their mother, ingress to an unfamiliar adult and finally reunion with their mother. Ainsworth et al reasoned that if attachment was strong, mother would be used as a secure base from which the infant could explore, thereby promoting self-reliance and au tonomy. Upon separation, infants commonly demonstrated separation anxiety.Upon re-union, the mothers maternal sensitivity and the childs responses were observed, thus providing a link between Bowlbys theory and its application to indivi dual experience. The boldness/mistrust in the infants business leader to explore their world from the secure base is re-inforced by Eriksons (1965) examination of early development and the childs experiencing of the world as a place that is nurturing, reliable and trustworthy (or not). Influenced by Ainsworths previous(prenominal) work in Uganda, the strange situation led to the classification of secure or perilous attachment rooms in infants.Insecure styles were further grouped into insecure/ voidant and insecure/resistant (ambivalent). (Pendry, 1998 Holmes, 2001 Eysenck, 2005). Main and Solomon later added a quartern attachment style insecure/disorganised. (Main and Solomon, 1986 in Cassidy and Shaver, 1999, p290). end-to-end all of these i nteractions, an internal working model is developed, the market-gardening of which relies on the dyadic patterns of relating between primal caregiver and infant (Bretherton, 1992, 28, p759-775), comprising the complex monitoring of internal states of unproblematic caregiver and infant.(Waters, Crowell, Elliott et al, 2002, 4, p230-242).According to Schore These formative experiences are embedded in the developing attachment relationship nature and prolong first come together in mother-infant psychobiological interactions. (Schore, 2001, 17, p26). oer time, this leads to the infants ability to self-monitor their emotions (affect regulation), but until such time, Bowlby posited the mother acts as the childs swelled head and super-ego She orients him in space and time, tins his environment, permits the satisfaction of some impulses, restricts others.She is his ego and his super-ego. (Bowlby, 1951, p53 cited in Bretherton, 1992, 28, p765). Bowlby concluded a water-loving inter nal working model is a working model of an attachment figure who is conceived as accessible, trustworthy and ready to help when called upon, whilst a faulty model is a working model of an attachment figure to whom are attributed such characteristics as uncertain accessibility, unwilllingness to respond help skillfuly, or perhaps the likelihood of responding hostilely. (Bowlby, 1979, p141).Ainsworth suggests that positive attachment is more than explicit behaviour it is built into the nervous system, in the course and as a result of the infants experience of his transactions with the mother. (Ainsworth, 1967, p429), thus sustenance Bowlbys theory. Later descriptions of attachment styles describe secure attachment as the development of the basic machinery to self-regulate affects later in life, (Fonagy, Gergely and Jurist, 2002 cited in Sarkar and Adshead, 2006, 12, p297), whilst insecure attachment prevents the development of a proper affect restrictive capacity. (Sarkar and Adsh ead, 2006, 12, p297).This is back up by Schore (2003) who alludes to developmental affective neuroscience to set out a modelling for affect regulation and dysregulation. Based on research into the development of the infant brain, he reviews neuro-scientific point to confirm the infants relationship with the primary caregiver has a direct effect on the development of brain structures and pathways involved in two affect regulation and dysregulation.The research and evidence suggests the internal working model begins as soon as the child is born and is the model upon which prospective relationships are formed. The quality of the primary caregivers response to infant distress provides the pedestal upon which behavioural and cognitive strategies are developed, which in the long term influence thoughts, feelings and behaviours in adult relationships. (Cardwell, Wadeley and Murphy, 2000 Pietromonaco and Barrett, 2000, 42, p155 Madigan, Moran and Pederson, 2006, 422, p293).A healthy, secure attachment to the primary caregiver would therefore appear essential for a childs neighborly, emotional and keen development, whilst interruption to this attachment would appear to promote the premise of psychopathology in later life. Whilst some evidence exists to demonstrate internal working models can be modified by different environmental experiences, (Riggs, Vosvick and Stallings, 2007, 126, p922-936), the extent to which they can change remains in question.Bowlby himself postulated clinical evidence suggests that the inevitable revisions of the model are not endlessly easy to achieve. Usually they are completed but only slowly, often they are done imperfectly, and sometimes done not at all. (Bowlby, 1969, p83). Whilst change may be possible, the unconscious aspects of internal working models are deemed to be specifically resistant to such change. (Prior and Glaser, 2006). We can safely assume therefore, that in the majority of cases, internal working models tend t o persist for life.I concur with Rutters check of Bowlbys concept of monotropy, i.e. Bowlbys belief that babies develop one primary attachment, usually the mother, (Rutter, 1981 cited in Lucas, 2007, 13, p156 and in Eysenck 2005), presumeing instead that infants form multiple attachments. This is support by a study by Shaffer and Emmerson (1964) who concluded infants form a hierarchy of attachments, often with the mother as the primary attachment figure, although nearly a third of children observed highlighted the father as the primary attachment figure. (Schaffer and Emmerson, 1964 in Cassidy and Shaver, 1999, p44-67).Collins, Dunlop and Chrysler criticise Bowlbys lens system in that it was expressage by his own cultural, diachronic and class position. Bowlbys culturally biased assumptions and empiricist methods of interrogative concentrated on individualised detachment and loss as part of the radiation pattern course of wail loss, which perpetuated the Western tradition of preserving the autonomous individual self as the normal goal of development. (Collins, Dunlop and Chrysler, 2002, p98), leading them to conclude Bowlbys assumptions ignored other cultural causes (as did Ainsworths), with which I agree.They also suggest Bowlbys concept of maternal deprivation was perhaps exploited to get women to return to the home post World War II Characterised as a choice, this homeward bound style was supported by the various governments, whose maternalist and pronatalist ideology of the thirties continued into the post-war period to provide a rule for sending women home to reproduce maternalism and the maternal deprivation hypothesis provided one conceptual framework for pronatal ideology as it intersectedwith the demands of governments and industrialists. (Collins, Dunlap and Chrysler, 2002, p102).We must also ring that Bowlbys observations were based on children who had been free from their primary caregivers during the Second World War (Lemma, 2003 cited in Lucas, 2007, 13, p156), and that these procedures were based on behaviours that occurred during stressful situations rather than under normal circumstances. (Lucas, 2007, 13, p156) this latter criticism also applies to Ainsworths work.Nonetheless, in highlighting the damaging effects of institutionalised care on young children, Bowlbys strengths lie in drawing attention to the role attachment, attachment behaviour and attachment behavioural systems play in a childs development and the subsequent possible consequences of disruption to the bond between infant and primary caregiver. I concur with Cassidy and Shavers (1999) criticisms of the strange situation in that there are too many unconsidered variables for a firm theory to be established at the time of Ainsworths writings, accepting their view that she did not consider the irritation nor temperament of the child.Nonetheless, Ainsworth et al have provided a jibe with which to measure attachment styles in infants, which is still in use today. Later research by George, Kaplan and Main assesses adult internal models through the use of the giving Attachment Interview. This classification of adult attachment styles promotes the mind of models extending into adulthood as a template for future relationships. (George, Kaplan and Main 1985 cited in Pendry, 1998).Hazan and Shaver continued this report of research identifying patterns of attachment behavior in adult romanticistic relationships, concluding the same four attachment styles identified in infancy remain certain for adult relationships. (Hazan and Shaver 1987 in Cassidy and Shaver, 1999, p355-377). Although theoretically grow in the same innate system, adult romantic attachment styles differ from parent-child bonds to include reciprocity of attachment and caregiving, as well as sexual mating.(Hazan and Zeifman, 1999 in Cassidy and Shaver, 1999, p336-354).The literature on bereavement has become inseparable from Bowlbys theory of attachment and, following from this, the way in which people react to the loss of this attachment. On reflecting on losings in adult life, Weinstein (2008) observes Bowlbys persistence of formative attachments and how the pattern of protest, despair and detachment that follows a babys separation from its primary caregiver is re-activated and presented in full force in adult loss.Weinstein writes The ability of the adult to cope with attachment in intimate relationships to negotiate independence, dependency and inter-dependency and to manage loss is all about how successfully they coped with separation as an infant. As a baby they had to sustain their sense of their mother even in her absence seizure and now as adults, as part of the mourning process, they strengthen their own identity with the support of the internalised object. (Weinstein, 2008, p34).According to Murray-Parkes (1996), the earnestness and duration of this affliction is relative to what is lost and the ruefulness process is an emotional response to this loss. Murray-Parkes joined Bowlby at the Tavistock Centre in 1962. Together they presented a paper linking the protests of separation highlighted by Robertson, Rosenbluth and Bowlby (1952) in young children separated from their mothers, to regret in adults. (Bowlby and Murray-Parkes, 1970 in Murray-Parkes, Stevenson-Hinde and Marris, 1991, p20).Around the same time, Murray-Parkes visited Kubler-Ross who was conducting her own research into death and dying. This work was later print in On Death and Dying (1969) which examines the process of access to terms with terminal illness or sorrowfulness in five wooden legs denial pettishness bargaining depression and acceptance. Murray-Parkes later produced a four-phase grief model consisting shock or numbness animated and pining disorganisation and despair and re-organisation.In contrast to the unresisting staged/phased preludees by Kubler-Ross and Murray-Parkes, and perhaps more in line with Freuds concept of having to do grief work, Worden developed a four-staged, task-based grief model to accept the reality of the loss to work through the pain of grief to adjust to an environment in which the dead soul is missing and to emotionally relocate the deceased and move on with life. (Worden, 2003). All three models are deemed to be therapeutically useful in that they recognise grief as a process and provide a framework of descriptors for normalising grief reactions.That said, they are understandably prescriptive and caution should be exercised in fetching any of these prescriptive stages, phases or tasks literally. It is equally authoritative to recognise the uniqueness of individual responses to loss and to avoid prescribing where a invitee ought to be in their grieving process. Since these models were never designed as a one-dimensional process, it is likewise most-valuable not to steer clients through these stages. This is supported by Schuchter and Zisook (1993), who ass ert Grief is not a linear process with concrete boundaries but, rather, a composite of overlapping, fluid phases that vary from person to person. (Schuchter and Zisook, 1993 in Stroebe, Stroebe and Hansson, 1993, p23).I agree with Servaty-Seibs observations the stage/phase approaches emerged wholly from a death-loss focus Wordens work was an alpha development in the understanding of the process of act adaptively with bereavement as each task is clearly defined in an action-oriented manner. (Servaty-Seib, 2004, 262, p125). Stroebe and Schuts dual process model brings together death-loss focus and task-based models. (Stroebe and Schut, 2001 cited in Servaty-Seib, 2004, 262, p125).In my work at Positive East, I work with human immunodeficiency virus+ laughable men experiencing multi-layered loss. My school of thought is to build and maintain a therapeutic relationship within a safe, confidential, contained space where clients can explore their issues. The archetype working towa rds a model of fearless affirmative therapy (Davies and Neal, 1996, p24-40) provides me with a framework within which to explore gay culture and to apply an assenting approach to the work, which I believe promotes empathy and helps me to work in the beat interests of the client.Conducting my own assessments, I complete a full client history, genogram and timeline, which provides a comprehensive insight into clients attachments and losings. It is important to detect the tender mise en scene within which multi-layered loss takes place (e. g. heterosexism, homophobia, human immunodeficiency virus-related stigma) as well as recognising that individual attachment styles may influence individual reactions to these losses and may also impact on the focus relationship.Losses experienced by human immunodeficiency virus+ gay men include loss of identity, health, appearance, mobility, self- obedience, career, financial security, relationships and meanness. (Riggs, Vosvick and Stallings , 2007, 126, p922-936 Koopman, Gore-Felton, Marouf et al, 2000, 125, p663-672 Fernandez and Ruiz, 2006, p356). Corr, Nabe and Corr (1997) describe these losses as the cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to the impact of the loss. In identifying attachment styles in HIV+ adults, Riggs, Vosvick and Stallings (2007) found that 90% of gay and emasculate HIV+ adults recruited into their study demonstrated insecure attachment.They suggest the diagnosis of HIV produces a strong trauma reaction, impacting on adult attachment style. In the same study, they found that HIV+ heterosexual adults were more likely to be secure, whereas gay and bisexual adults were more likely to be fearful, preoccupied, avoidant or dismissing, respectively. This led them to conclude that gay and bisexual people must therefore contend with social forces that their heterosexual counterparts do not.They hypothesise A diagnosis of HIV may be reminiscent of the coming out process, particularly with respe ct to concerns regarding stigma and disclosure, and thus may provoke similar fears about rejection by loved ones and society as a full-page that contribute to great attachment insecurity. (Riggs, Vosvick and Stallings, 2007, 126, p931). This is supported by Koopman, Gore-Felton, Marouf et al (2000) who cite attachment style as a contributing factor associated with the high levels of stress experienced by HIV+ individuals.They colour From this perspective, perceived stress is likely to be greater among HIV+ persons having a highly anxious attachment style because their hypervigilance in interpersonal relationships leads to misinterpreting others behaviours as rejecting or decisive of themselves. (Koopman, Gore-Felton, Marouf et al, 2000, 125, p670). This would suggest that HIV+ gay men with insecure attachment style may experience difficulties in developing and maintaining relationships, which, in turn, may impact on the therapeutic relationship.Additionally, according to Kelly, Murphy, Bahr et al secure and supportive attachments play a crucial role in adjusting to HIV infection. Lack of such attachments and social support has been shown to be a evidential forecaster of emotional stress among HIV+ adults. (Kelly, Murphy, Bahr et al, 1993, 123, p215-219). This has significant implications for the psychological well being of HIV+ gay men whom, considering their perceived attachment difficulties, may experience difficulties in forming such supportive relationships.In examining the suitability of the putting green grief models when working with this client group, I accept Copps criticism of the Kubler-Ross model for its focus on psychosocial dynamics to the exclusion of physical, and to a lesser extent, eldritch dimensions. (Copp, 1998, 282, p383). I also agree with Knapps criticisms of the staged/phased grief models espoused by Kubler-Ross and Murray-Parkes. Knapp observes while both of these models may be applicable to those experiencing a alone(p) loss, neither model takes intoconsideration the multiplicity of losses thrust upon the seropositive gay male population.These men experience overlapping losses, resulting in them being at differing stages with respect to different losses. (Knapp, 2000, 62, p143). Knapp offers a similar criticism of the Worden model in that task models fail to grade for the continuity of loss in the lives of seropositive gay men. (Knapp, 2000, 62, p143), with which I also concur. In addition, all three models incorporate an end point, which suggests the completion of a cycle, thereby pre-supposing some sort of finality.These models are therefore limited in their application to my own work, since, as novel losses take the place of old, my clients find themselves in a continual cycle of loss without the comfort of such an end point. Processing the loss of the pre-infected self and re-defining the HIV+ self often means working with the stage of identity vs role confusion in Eriksons (1965) psychosoc ial model. Additionally, where accomplices stay together, a revisiting and re-negotiation of the adult stage of intimacy may be required since intimacy is often disrupted and sometimes lost out-of-pocket to HIV infection.This stage is also revisited by clients where a partner chooses to end the relationship with a HIV+ partner. Working through the loss of the partner (usually due to fear of infection) as well as other significant relationships (usually due to HIV related stigma) is also key to the work. To support this work, I use the multi-dimensional grief model by Schuchter and Zisook (1993), adopting four of their five dimensions emotional and cognitive responses emotional pain changes in relationships and changes in identity.(Schuchter and Zisook, 1993 in Stroebe, Stroebe and Hansson, 1993, p26-43).I have also used Wordens grief model in supporting a HIV+ client whose HIV infected partner committed suicide. This work is clearly demanding and is informed by the clients intern al working model of self and other. Due to perceived stigma and fear of rejection, it is not unusual for the clients attachment behavioural system to be activated end-to-end the therapeutic relationship. Recent research highlights the mirroring of Bowlbys theory within such a relationship.Parish and Eagle (2003) and Sonkin (2005) draw attention to the manifestation of clients seeking proximity maintenance to the therapist experiencing distress when the therapist is not useable seeking a safe haven when in distress and using the therapist as a secure base. To cater for this, I strive to provide a secure base in therapy, ensuring I remain boundaried, punctual and skipper, informing clients of any breaks and provide opportunities for clients to explore their anxieties. Clients in particular distress may also contact the agency, who in turn may contact me.My experience has taught me that clients with avoidant attachment styles take time to build trust in the therapeutic relationship. I have also found the avoidant attached usually need permission/re-assurance to grieve their losses, whilst the anxiously attached require permission/re-assurance to stop grieving their losses. I am cognisant that the therapeutic relationship promotes attachment yet at the same time acknowledge the paradox in severing this attachment at the end of therapy. Ending sensitively is therefore crucial. I recognise that clients may develop co-morbid conditions such as alcohol and recreational drug abuse.In line with the BACP good principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and self-respect (BACP Ethical Framework, 2007), I use control to monitor any emerging signs of such abuse, where a decision may be reached to refer these clients to external agencies or other, suitably experienced, internal counsellors. In assessing my strengths and areas for development, I am now much more alert of how early attachment experiences and internal working models impact on how clients process their losse s as well as their potential impact on the counselling relationship and process.I have extensive experience of working with loss and bereavement, which is underpinned by my specialist training and practice at Positive East, as a bereavement counsellor with the Bereavement Service and as a counsellor providing support to those bereaved through homicide at Victim Support. I believe a healthy, secure attachment to a primary caregiver is necessary for a childs social, emotional and intellectual development. In turn this promotes the development of a healthy internal working model, disruption to which may lead to psychopathology in later life.Whilst the internal working model tends to persist through the life course, I believe it can be modified by divergent experiences, but acknowledge this change may be difficult. Whilst I have extensive experience of working with loss, I now appreciate how early formative attachments influence our reactions to such loss and how these reactions may imp act on the therapeutic relationship. Popular grief models clearly fall short in addressing the multi-layered losses experienced by this client group, demanding instead the integration of what is currently available.The high level of insecure attachment style demonstrated in HIV+ gay men may be due in part to the unique challenges they face within the context of HIV related stigma and negative social experiences. Finally, I believe my knowledge of theory and sensitive application of skills has proved to be an effective strategy in working competently, sensitively and safely with this client group. Nonetheless, I recognise the need for continuous professional development and aim to attend workshops on attachment and mental health and HIV during the summer.